With regard to the soles of leather shoes, then it must comply with the appointment of footwear, seasonal and operational conditions. If most of the day you spend sitting at your desk, the leather soles are in all cases preferable to all other materials. Thick polyurethane or other synthetic materials have better soles leaf springs properties, they are more reliable and effective in protecting the foot in wet and cold weather. In the winter, and demi-season shoe sole is preferred porous polyurethane (PU), plastic (FAA) and especially from thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), in which the heel and the rest are integrated.

As well as on the sole, pay special attention to the backs and heels of shoes. Internal backs should be made of durable and genuine leather. The outer and inner solid backdrop should be sufficiently durable and comfortable for the heel of the foot structure.

Shoes must have the heel. The most common for the majority of cases, is the heel height, for men’s shoes, about 25 … 30mm. Usually, everyday shoe heel height is recommended as one fourteenth the length of the foot.

Lining a good shoe and removable insoles are made from natural materials. When not afford to buy shoes, sewn entirely of leather, then you should choose shoes with artificial riding. Given the choice between the lining of artificial leather and synthetic fabric latter is preferable. However, to mitigate the disadvantages of artificial lining may be a natural insole. If the work you have to travel long distances on foot too, it is best to choose lighter shoes or good running shoes, but if your work is related to the frequent movement in different directions, it is best suited basketball shoes.

Advises MD, Senior Fellow of the Institute of Rheumatology of Medical Sciences in Moscow, Victor A. Mickiewicz

Today, therapeutic shoes and insoles are selected by a computer. You become a special sensor platforms, and the monitor gives a color image of the foot. There is a complete picture of the foot and the pressure distribution under it. Depending on the pressure of the foot and change color in the picture. One or the other color indicates that, on what portion of the foot for special attention.

Choosing insoles are quite wide. What to guide the purchase?

In pharmacies and shops selling standard insoles – the same for everyone. Of course, they have a certain therapeutic effect, but very small. Great effect still gives product made to order – taking into account the peculiarities of the name of your foot.

Therefore, when foot problems, I would advise you to apply to podiatrists (not to be confused with the pediatrician, Podiatry – a specialist in diseases of the legs). Examination and diagnosis of a specialist will find what you need for you.

A product which firms established themselves in the market?

The most effective are now insoles that produces German firm Otto Bock. They are made of soft and hard plastics “evropleks – new generation materials.

Of the other can call insoles “Ekstrakomfort” firm “Akvella. There are several other firms, but again, leading in this direction the Germans.

What types of orthotic insoles exist today?

Insoles – in medicine, they are called orthoses – may be very different: sanitary, insulated, electrically. The difference between them and their intended use.

For example, shoe insoles for everyday more than the soles for dress shoes. Insoles for athletic shoes are designed for higher loads, which are accompanied by heavy sweating. And in insoles for diabetic feet, when the reduced sensitivity of the skin and any attrition goes unnoticed, an additional protection: it is composed of three layers.

How long should you wear orthotics to correct foot?

It depends on the disease that caused the problem. As a rule, children, we recommend the use of insoles to adolescence, teenagers – to youth. But adult women after 40 years with curved bones in the foot often has to resort to insoles for life. But this does not mean a lifetime to suffer the inconvenience of walking. If you choose the right insoles, you will not experience any discomfort.

Significantly ease the condition of arthritis, flat feet, gout, if you constantly wear orthopedic devices, help and advice of traditional medicine.

For example, useful bath for the feet. Soda and salt, heated in water to 37 degrees, softens the skin making it supple, relieve fatigue. In the solution baths can add different herbs.

Very effective following exercise. Lower the foot in warm water. Flexion and extension of the foot and toes, repeat this for several minutes.

Master the technique of massage. Thus, it is very useful stress-free “scroll” the joints in different directions.

How to properly install the insole?

Before installing the first inspection of the inside of shoes. If it is your insoles, remove them: installing orthotics on top of the usual impossible.

Insole should fit snugly to the foot of shoes or boots. If she slips or shifts, we can fix it with adhesive tape.

And remember the main thing: if the leg is convenient – walk, stand, run – then everything is in order. Says the slightest discomfort about what you have done something wrong.

Do I need orthotics to healthy people?

Generally I will say that the deformation of the foot is easier to prevent than to cure. To us, unfortunately, are treated as a rule, sick people – with flat feet, arthritis, gout, arthritis, diabetes. In the store they can not find any suitable footwear, nor, consequently, appropriate insoles. And it’s a big problem: it begins a long, painstaking treatment – with the help of already manufactured to order instep, napalechnikov, heel.

Now in the West Podiatry – the science of the foot – is focused primarily on prevention. This task was set for ourselves and we – to prevent disease, without waiting for severe foot deformities. Therefore, it is important that the man himself watching his condition and turned in time to a specialist.

Healthy people just will not go to the doctor. What should be alerted?

If the legs become tired quickly – it is an occasion for a consultation with a physician. Frequent blisters and corns, keratinization of skin, reducing the sensitivity of skin on the soles, the change in gait – all this testifies to the fact that you have to either change the shoes, or put the orthotics. And it is often necessary to do something, and another, despite the fact that, overall, everything seems in order.

And what should be the shoes – hard or soft?

Children, we recommend shoes with hard soles, and adults can wear and the one and another. The main thing that the leg was convenient.

However, it should be clarified that an overly soft sole – is excessive stress on the joints. It causes an increased range of motion. Therefore, in particular, gout is more appropriate for hard soled shoes – such as clogs.

Useful for the so-called shoe – swing – when the anterior foot cut off. And the foot roll freely.

Many are skeptical about the sneakers, but in vain: for today is one of the best types of shoes. Although they have a soft rubber sole, but provides rigid fixation for the hindfoot. This ensures the correct position of the heel, and hence the entire foot. In addition, elastic shoe soles reduces the so-called “shock” that other kinds of footwear are often not provided.

Ambiguous and attitudes of footwear on the platform. Meanwhile, it can even be useful: in a shoe, usually a large internal volume and wide toes. Fingers are not compressed, the leg comfortably.

As for dress shoes with high heels, she is uniquely harmful.

Running shoes are lightweight, flexible (easy to bend) and elastic (provides good cushioning and softens the blow when running).

Flexible walking shoes as shoes for running, but it usually weighs more than the shoes for jogging.

Soccer shoes should be strengthened and broad nose, the spikes according to the specifics of a football field, the bottom of shoes with good cushioning, support system to prevent stretching the ankle and knee injuries.

Tennis shoes should provide good support to the feet of uppers, have strengthened and broad (volume), the toe and comfortable (not too high) heel.

Basketball shoes should provide good support for lateral movements, as well as sufficiently stable to prevent stretching of the ankle.

Experts recommend the following guidelines when choosing sprotivnoy shoes:

* Buy shoes soundly. Investing in shoes that cost around 60-100 dollars, usually justify themselves.
* Do not use sports shoes for other activities.
* Replace the shoes with signs of wear.
* Try on shoes at the end of the day, when the foot is maximized.
* Keep track of the size of their feet. Age, weight change human pregnancy can lead to an increase in the foot.
* Before the big (or by the longest) toe should be a gap of 1-1,5 cm
* Women are not encouraged to wear men’s shoes.

The third recommendation may be perceived to Russian readers with a misunderstanding. The fact that more or less significant wear, such as shoe soles, performance cushioning, stabilizing and support properties of footwear that has a negative impact on the feet, knees and spine of man. When worn insole increases friction in the shoe, is deteriorating depreciation and other performance shoes.

Skins dairy calves (calf), while having a smaller thickness compared with the skins of adult animals, can compete with them for strength and durability. This is due to a thick and dense fiber structure of the skin of dairy calves. The processing of hides to finished leather can be simplistically viewed as a combination of three basic steps:

* Start-up phase (prior to tanning);
* Tanning;
* Finishing (dyeing, rolling, pressing, stamping, drawing the plastic coating, varnishing, polishing face, waxing, giving light, giving the water resistance, fire resistance, resistance to contaminants (stainproofing), etc.

Skin with a natural face painted with transparent aniline vegetable dyes, which give the skin a shade or color, not concealing it, a natural drawing faces. Most leather furniture is covered with special pigmented coating that allows for a smooth homogeneous color.

While many of the coating and processing techniques of the facial skin layers are not applied in order to conceal the existing facial skin defects should be treated with caution to the skins with an opaque, airtight and embossed cover. Skin with a natural person without a pigmented or plastic sheeting “breathe”, do not break the heat exchange between human body and the environment. Furniture leather with a natural person absorbs moisture, for it may treat the application of appropriate care. In the presence of plastic sheeting, often used, for example, the production of automotive leather, leather “not alive”, she eventually becomes rougher and tougher.

If you’ll stay in Moscow for a weekend in one of Moscow hotels, you can go shopping.

In the CIS countries number of footwear consider the size of the foot, measured in millimeters, excluding allowances decorative shoes, warm socks and other things. The length of the foot measured from the heel to the point of serving the outermost finger.

In the French system the size of shoes is the length of the insole. The unit of measurement is the bar, which is equal to 2 / 3 inch thick. The length of the insoles is usually greater than the length of the foot on the so-called decorative allowance, which can be from 0 to 15 mm, which introduces some confusion in the translation from one numbering system to another. Today he is taken to be 10 mm.

English system – inch (1 inch equals 2.54 cm). Size zero is separated from the calcaneal curvature of the insole by four inches, that is the standard size of a newborn legs, and the numbering goes through 1 / 3 inch numbers from 0 to 13 and then again from 1 to 13.

The American system is similar to English, but in comparison with it is shifted to zero at 1 / 12 inch (2.1 mm). Thus, in English and American systems have a pair of identical dimensions.

There is another American system – for women. She further moved to the top measuring downward and is also numbered from 1 to 13, but only for large numbers.

Determine the size of

Our system size is compared with other number of differences: First, it conforms to international standard ISO 3355-77, and secondly, it is a metric. On it is easy to determine the number of shoes, not need amendments to the form of blocks. Length of the foot is determined by the given figure. Place both feet (with socks) on a sheet of paper and draw a pencil. Measure the distance from heel to big toe. If the left and right feet are different lengths, select the largest.

Completeness

Very important parameter size – obesity, which is mainly determines the usability of shoes, as they say its shoemakers’ vpornost. According to GOST 3927-88 men’s and women’s shoes should be available in 12 polupolnotah. For example, if the average amount of 240 women in girth socks-beam of the foot for the narrowest, the first of completeness is 212 mm, and for the general, the twelfth – 256 mm. (The beam in the language of shoemaking – the girth of the widest parts of the toe of the foot). The difference in girth is 44 + 4 mm, which is almost five centimeters. In fact, this figure is even higher, since the statistical analysis for the scale of the extreme values of extreme fullness discarded.

In the foreign countries relevant to its own population more carefully – there is known about 17 complete. On the English system the gap between the fullness is equal to 5 mm, completeness, denoted by letters (A, B, C, D, E and F). Under this system, there are five more fullness in the direction of decreasing girth (2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A) and five complete enlarged (2F, 3F, 4F, 5F, 6F). There are complete, E2, E3, E4. Creature and other polnotnye numbering: letters – WWW, WW, W, M, S, SS, SSS, digital – from one to eight. Digital numbering is used in Russian, French and European systems, in the last two gaps between the completeness of 5 mm, in Russian – 4.

Footwear enterprises in many countries for reasons konyunkturnym specialize in producing shoes only certain fullness – narrow, medium or large, so customers know in advance what footwear companies for them. (For example, Salamander manufactures the widest European completeness of F, which corresponds to the completeness of our second).

The best material for sewing shoes, of course, leather. But today, thanks to modern technology, to distinguish it from the synthetic is very difficult, except that on closer examination at the cut. Buying in the market a couple of items made up the edges carefully, pay attention to price. If it is high enough – so probably a good shoe. In no case can not verify the quality of shoes, like the advice of some “experts” trying it on a bend, heel to toe touch. ” A good shoe should keep in shape and slightly bend only part of the beam, where the bend of the foot during walking. Used in the footwear industry with the technology of glue can hold so firmly that the firmware is not needed. On the contrary, used bungler cheap glue, even the fortified cotton threads, do not guarantee that the shoes do not fall apart after a couple of weeks. Shoes made of synthetic leather, too, has the right to life. However, winter boots from it is better not to fly. But some shoes, especially for children from such material, even preferable. Especially if the natural lining. Children grow quickly, and best buy for the summer for the same money 2-3 pairs in size than the one – room for growth, but the leather.

Solid footwear to be sold in a box with all the attributes of the firm. Self-respecting manufacturer would spare no money for it. Of course, do not forget to take care of your shoes, it is essential to extend her life.